Three major monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in Ethiopia through the Red Sea and then Tigray. Its landscape has many historic monuments. Tigray is often regarded as the cradle of Ethiopian civilization. The region is currently administered by the Interim Regional Administration of Tigray History 3rd millennium to 1st century BC Six hundred thousand Tigrayan casualties have been reported in the Tigray Genocide. Eritrean troops along with ENDF and regional troops were positioned in the Tigray Region. The campaign was commenced after Abiy Ahmed received the Nobel prize in 2018. In early November 2020, a conflict between the Tigray Region, involving the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and the Ethiopian federal government began, in which Eritrea took part on the side of the federal government, rapidly escalating into the Tigray War, destabilizing the region, and exposing a well-organized campaign to wipe out the region of ethnic Tigrayans. The government of Tigray consists of the executive branch, led by the president, Getachew Reda Kahsay the legislative branch, which comprises the state council and the judicial branch, which is led by the state supreme court. Towns in Tigray include: Mekelle, Adigrat, Axum, Shire, Adwa, Enticho, Addi Remets, Wukro, Sheraro, Abiy Addi, Atsbi, Hawzen, Adi Gudom, Mai Tsebri, and Zalambessa. Tigray is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, the Amhara Region to the south and the Afar Region to the east. Although the percentage of Muslims in Tigray is only 5 to 10%, it has historically been Islam’s doorway to the region and to Africa at large. The most recent Ethiopian census, collected in 2007, estimates that Muslims make up 34% of the rapidly growing national population. Despite the historical identification of Ethiopia with Orthodox Christianity, the presence of Islam in Ethiopia is as old as the religion itself. Like many parts of Africa, Tigray is far from a religious monolith. The much less densely populated lowlands comprise 48% of Tigray's area.
The highlands have the highest population density, especially in eastern and central Tigray. 80%) are farmers, contributing 46% to the regional gross domestic product (2009). The estimated population as of 2019 is 5,443,000. Tigray's official language is Tigrinya, similar to that spoken in Eritrea just to the North. Tigray is the fifth-largest by area, the fifth-most populous, and the fifth-most densely populated of the 11 regional states. The Tigray Region is the homeland of the Tigrayan, Irob, and Kunama people.
The Tigray Region, officially the Tigray National Regional State, is the northernmost regional state in Ethiopia.
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